Extract information from written sources
The history of film editing
The history of film editing
The history
of film began in the 1890s, when motion
picture cameras were invented and film production companies started to be established.
The first films ever made were under a minute long and until 1927 they were
produced without sound and made up of only few shots. Then in 1898
the first rotating camera was built which was when films started to become
longer and consist of several shots.
In 1897 the first ever film studio was built which was when
films became more detailed with special effects and action moving from one
sequence into another. In the early 1900s the first close up shot was
introduced which many claim was invented by D.W Griffih. The first use of animation
in movies was in 1899. One of the first animated films was Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs created by Disney. The Lumiere brothers are credited
with capturing the world’s first motion picture films and holding the world’s
first public screening. They created over
40 films during 1896 however their first films created are The arrival of a
train and a game of cards. Another key practitioner is Georges melies who was
the first film maker to use storyboards, he also introduced techniques such as
substitution splices, multiple exposure, dissolves and many more. His first film is A trip to the mood
which was released in the early 1900s.
Video editing
techniques
Types of shots
Aerial shot – This is
similar to an Establishing shot as it is usually used to set a scene, it is
similar to a birds-eye-view
close up – these are usually used when something
intense is happening in the scene, this is because it shows very little
background and focus on the faces.
Long shot – this shot is
similar to a medium shot but I order for it to be classed as a long shot you
have to make sure their whole body is in frame, from head to toe.
Establishing
shot- this is also sometimes known as an extreme long shot. This is
mainly used at the start of film/TV episode, they use these to show you were
the episode or film is going to be shot.
The 180° rule is
a cinematography guideline that states that two characters in a scene should
maintain the same left/right relationship to one another. When the camera
passes over the invisible axis connecting the two subjects, it is called
crossing the line and the shot becomes what is called a reverse angle.
Types of
transitions
Fade- usually signal
the beginning and end of scenes thy can also be used between shots to create a
sort of crossfade which, for example, fades briefly to white before fading to
the next shot.
Cut -is an
instant change from one shot to the next. The raw footage from your camera
contains cuts between shots where you stop and start recording.
Mix/dissolve/
crossfade- These are all terms
to describe the same transition — a gradual fade from one shot to the next. Crossfades
have a more relaxed feel than a cut and are useful if you want a meandering
pace, contemplative mood, etc. Scenery sequences work well with crossfades, as
do photo montages.Crossfades can also convey a sense of passing time or
changing location.
References
-film history an induction published by McGraw-Hill education by Christian Thompson and David Bordwell
-ORC Media studies for AS published by OCR by Julian McDough
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_editing
-http://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/8-essential-cuts-every-editor-should-know/
-http://www.elementsofcinema.com/editing/types-of-transitions/
