Extract information from written sources

 The history of film editing 

The history of film began in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were invented and film production companies started to be established. The first films ever made were under a minute long and until 1927 they were produced without sound and made up of only few shots. Then in 1898 the first rotating camera was built which was when films started to become longer and consist of several shots.

In 1897 the first ever film studio was built which was when films became more detailed with special effects and action moving from one sequence into another. In the early 1900s the first close up shot was introduced which many claim was invented by D.W Griffih. The first use of animation in movies was in 1899. One of the first animated films was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs created by Disney. The Lumiere brothers are credited with capturing the world’s first motion picture films and holding the world’s first public screening.  They created over 40 films during 1896 however their first films created are The arrival of a train and a game of cards. Another key practitioner is Georges melies who was the first film maker to use storyboards, he also introduced techniques such as substitution splices, multiple exposure, dissolves and many  more. His first film is A trip to the mood which was released in the early 1900s.

Video editing techniques

Types of shots

Aerial shot – This is similar to an Establishing shot as it is usually used to set a scene, it is similar to a birds-eye-view

close up – these are usually used when something intense is happening in the scene, this is because it shows very little background and focus on the faces.

Long shot – this shot is similar to a medium shot but I order for it to be classed as a long shot you have to make sure their whole body is in frame, from head to toe.

Establishing shot- this is also sometimes known as an extreme long shot. This is mainly used at the start of film/TV episode, they use these to show you were the episode or film is going to be shot.

The 180° rule is a cinematography guideline that states that two characters in a scene should maintain the same left/right relationship to one another. When the camera passes over the invisible axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line and the shot becomes what is called a reverse angle.

Types of transitions

Fade-  usually signal the beginning and end of scenes thy can also be used between shots to create a sort of crossfade which, for example, fades briefly to white before fading to the next shot.

Cut -is an instant change from one shot to the next. The raw footage from your camera contains cuts between shots where you stop and start recording.

Mix/dissolve/ crossfade- These are all terms to describe the same transition — a gradual fade from one shot to the next. Crossfades have a more relaxed feel than a cut and are useful if you want a meandering pace, contemplative mood, etc. Scenery sequences work well with crossfades, as do photo montages.Crossfades can also convey a sense of passing time or changing location.

References 

-film history an induction published by McGraw-Hill education by Christian Thompson and David  Bordwell

-ORC Media studies for AS published by OCR by Julian McDough

-https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lumiere-brothers

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_editing

-http://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/8-essential-cuts-every-editor-should-know/

-http://www.elementsofcinema.com/editing/types-of-transitions/